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Rivers of Civilisation

 is leading interdisciplinary research in both the Desert Nile, Sudan, (in collaboration with the British Museum, the University of Manchester and Yale University) and in Aral Sea basin, Kazakhstan, (in collaboration with UV University Amsterdam, UCL, University of Oxford, and JSC Institute of Geography and Water Safety, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan) investigating the impact of Holocene and historical climate change on floodwater farming in dryland rivers. This forms part of longer-term and worldwide study of people river environment interactions (e.g. Macklin and Lewin (2015) QSR, 114, 228-244; Toonen, Macklin et al. (2020) PNAS, www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.2009553117) in large river systems, including the Danube, Ganga, Indus and Zambezi.